EU Drug Market: MDMA — List of figures and information boxes
This resource is part of EU Drug Market: MDMA — In-depth analysis by the EUDA and Europol.
Last update: March 2025
List of figures by chapter
- Introduction
- Key findings and threat assessment
- Global context
- Production. How and where MDMA is produced in Europe
- Figure 4.1. MDMA production steps
- Figure 4.2. Location of sites related to MDMA production in the European Union, 2019-2022
- Figure 4.3. Chemicals and chemical processes used in the synthesis of MDMA
- Figure 4.4. Quantity of traditional and designer precursors used in the synthesis of MDMA seized in Europe, 2012-2023
- Figure 4.5. Proportion of the total quantity of MDMA precursors seized in Europe, by seizing country, 2019-2021 and 2022-2023
- Figure 4.6. Quantity of hydrogen gas seized and stolen in Europe, 2012-2023
- Figure 4.7. Synthetic drug production and the possible waste products
- Trafficking and distribution. Europe as a global supplier of MDMA
- Figure 5.1. Number of seizures of MDMA in the European Union, Norway and Türkiye, 2011-2022
- Figure 5.2. Quantity of MDMA seized in the European Union and Türkiye and Norway, 2011-2022
- Figure 5.3. Top 10 EU countries of departure for global MDMA seizures (by quantity), 2019-2022
- Figure 5.4. Quantity of EU-origin MDMA seized in non-EU countries, 2019-2022
- Figure 5.5. Proportion of ecstasy tablet and powder/crystal MDMA listings on major darknet markets by EU Member States, Norway and Türkiye, 2022
- Retail markets
- Figure 6.1. Distribution of usual MDMA forms across countries
- Figure 6.2. MDMA samples analysed by drug-checking services, 2019-2022
- Figure 6.3. Indexed trend of the average percentage of ecstasy tablets containing MDMA as the only scheduled substance
- Figure 6.4. Quantity of MDMA, in milligrams, per ecstasy tablet (mean)
- Figure 6.5. Indexed trends in MDMA content and price of ecstasy tablets, 2012-2022
- Figure 6.6. Key prevalence data for MDMA/ecstasy use in Europe
List of information boxes by chapter
- Introduction
- Key findings and threat assessment
- Global context
- Production. How and where MDMA is produced in Europe
- Trafficking and distribution. Europe as a global supplier of MDMA
- Retail markets